红壤侵蚀地生态修复后水源涵养功能研究

Water Conservation Function of Eroded Red Soil Region After Ecological Rehabilitation

在江西省泰和县老虎山小流域内采用5种模式进行人工森林重建,即设置强烈干扰马尾松林分(模式A)、封育马尾松林分(模式B)、竹节沟马尾松林分(模式C)、种草竹节沟马尾松林分(模式D)、竹节沟湿地松林分(模式E)5种林分,对其林冠层和林下植被层截留、凋落物层持水量以及林地土壤层渗透及贮水性能进行了研究。结果表明:模式E的林冠层及林下植被层截留量最大,模式A最小;模式D的凋落物层持水量最大,其次是模式C,模式B和E相等,为最小;模式B土壤渗透性能最好,其次为模式D,模式E的初渗速率最小,模式A的稳渗速率最小;土壤贮水性能以模式D最大,其次为模式B,模式E最差。试验表明选择适宜的生态修复模式,保护和改良土壤结构,提高土壤层涵蓄水分的能力和土壤渗透性,是提高红壤严重侵蚀地水土保持林水源涵养功能的关键。

It conducted reforestation at Laohushan Small Watershed of Taihe County of Jiangxi Province by using 5 modes of strong interference Pinus massoniana stand(mode A),fencing Pinus massoniana stand(mode B),Pinus massoniana stand with horizontal water storage grooves(mode C),Pinus massoniana stand with planting grass and horizontal water storage grooves(mode D) and Pinus elliottii stand with horizontal water storage grooves(mode E).It studied the interception of canopy and vegetation layer under canopy,moisture holding capacity of litter,soil permeability and storage capacity of the forestland.The outcomes show that a) the interception of canopy and vegetation layer under canopy of mode E is the maximum and mode A is the minimum;b) the moisture holding capacity of litter of mode D is the maximum and then is mode C,mode B and mode E are equally the minimum;c) the soil permeability of mode B is the best,the next is mode D,the initial infiltration rate of mode E is the minimum and the constant infiltration rate of mode A is the minimum and;d) the soil storage capacity of mode D is the maximum,the next is mode B and mode E is the worst.It shows that selecting an appropriate mode of ecological rehabilitation,protecting and improving soil texture and increasing the capability of soil moisture holding and soil permeability are the key measures for increasing water conservation function of soil and water conservation forest in seriously eroded red soil region.