国家观念厚与薄

Two Conceptions of Modern State:The Thin and the Thick

关于战争状态,霍布斯与洛克有着不同的假设。要想结束这两种不同类型的战争状态,需要两个不同的预设条件:最低限度的至上权力与最低限度的正当性,它们可分别被称作"霍布斯条件"与"洛克条件"。这两个条件相互约束,将共同构成一个关于现代国家的薄版本观念。而在这个薄版本观念基础上,我们可以进一步对现代国家的正当性提出更为丰富与厚实的内容要求,这一要求可以被称作"充分合理的正当性要求"。它将对应于一个厚版本的现代国家观念。在关于"失败国家"与"成功国家",以及主权观念的完整性等问题的讨论中,可以看到厚薄两种不同观念在政治生活中有着具体表现。

A new analytical framework of political power,based on political realism,is developed in order to define a modern state in this article.I argue that,according to this theory,two conditions should be fulfilled respectively by a modern state:minimum sovereign power and minimum legitimacy demand,which also are respectively called Hobbes condition and Locke condition here.A thin conception of state constrained by these two conditions claims that a modern state should at least both guarantee basic social order and limit its uses to political power.Because Locke condition here only satisfies the minimum legitimacy demand,which is called in political science as'the rationally basic demand of legitimacy',we can go on to inquiry what it will be when'the rationally sufficient demand of legitimacy'is required.According to the latter,we can define a thick conception of state,that is,a modern state should also operate positively and actively,and it,as a healthy and successful state,should be capable of protecting its citizens'basic security,taxing efficiently and mobilizing its society to innovation.