新世纪乡土小说的叙事取向与“在乡农民”形象

The Narrative Orientation of the Native Novels of the 21st Century and the Image of "Rural Farmers"

新世纪乡土小说以留守乡村的农民为表现对象的"在乡农民"形象,虽然鲜有影响较大的"典型",但其形象群落比中国现代乡土小说史上任何一个时期都要丰富和复杂,有美善的传统"乡村好人",有初步获得现代性的"新农民",有罹患国民劣根性顽疾的"无公德的个人",也有不少人性扭曲没有道德底线的"乡村恶人"。这些具有历史过渡性特征的农民形象的出现,既是新世纪中国社会加速转型的历史产物,也是新世纪乡土作家们以各自不同的价值取向、道德选择和洞察生活的艺术感悟力,透析农民文化人格裂变的艺术创造与乡村想象。

In the native novels of the 21st century, we find no representatives very influential in the image of＂ rural farmers＂, featuring left-behind farmers. However, the richness and complexity of the image community are beyond any period in the history of modern Chinese native novels. There are ＂good farmers＂ keeping traditional virtue, ＂new farmers＂ obtaining modernity preliminarily, ＂ indi- viduals without sense of civism＂ possessing the despicable qualities deep rooted in our national char- acters, and ＂evil farmers＂ having twisted human nature and no moral limits. These images character- ized by historical transition are the results of the accelerating social transformation of China in the new century. Besides, native writers of the 21st century, discerning the fission of farmers＂ cultural personality, have created and imagined them with their different value orientation, moral choices and art insights.