住宅建筑内火灾高温烟气流动数学模型

Numerical Model of Hot-Smoke Flow in Residential Fire

以住宅建筑火灾安全为研究背景,根据多室实体住宅建筑模型室内火灾升温及高温烟气流动影响的试验结果,重点讨论了起火房间尺寸、门洞尺寸及枢纽空间等3个主要空间构造因素对室内高温烟气流动影响。以质量守恒等相关热力学和流体力学基本概念建立了住宅空间单室尺寸与高温烟气分布的几何关系模型;利用动量守恒控制体法建立了开敞空间的开口尺寸与烟气扩散的关系模型。分析表明,住宅建筑火灾安全应充分考虑空间构造形式的影响;通过对烟气流动模式的独立房间尺寸设计和房间连通形式设计,可以有效地控制室内温度分布和烟气流动路径。

Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units,the law of indoor hot smoke flow was investigated by experimental research on a platform model with multiple floors and rooms in a residential building.Three factors exerting influence on hot smoke flow in residential construction were mainly analyzed,including the relationship between the height of space and the area of single room,the size of doorway opening,and the hub space.Based on basic concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics,the geometric relational model of the height of space and the area of single room impacted on filling speed of hot smoke in room was presented by conservation of mass.Moreover,under the influence of hot smoke flow,the formula of doorway opening size was developed by conservation of momentum.The results show that the fire safety of residential building should take full account of the impact of spatial structural.The indoor temperature distribution and hot smoke flow path will be controlled effectively by the design of single room size and room connectivity.