浅海陆架沉积特征研究综述

A Review of Shallow Continental Shelf Sedimentary Characteristics

浅海陆架一直是我国海上油气资源勘探的重点。对浅海陆架的分类、国内外陆架沉积的研究历史及现状进行了回顾总结,讨论了水动力条件、沉积补给机制和相对海平面变化对陆架沉积的控制作用,并据可容纳空间与沉积物补给的比率将浅海陆架划分为补给主导的陆架沉积体系和可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系。补给主导的陆架沉积体系以高的沉积补给速率和海退为特征,高位期陆源河流沉积物的大量卸载是陆架补给的主要模式;可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系以相对海平面上升和沉积物高速逸散为特征,陆源沉积物供给有限,原地沉积物受潮流、风暴等水动力的再改造,从而成为有效的陆架沉积补给源。综合应用多种技术手段,从全球海平面变化、沉积物补给和水动力条件等对沉积体系的控制作用出发进行精细的陆架沉积特征研究应是未来研究的主要方向。

Shallow continental shelf is always the focus of marine hydrocarbon resources exploration.Classification,research status and history of shallow continental shelf are reviewed,and the control hydrodynamic conditions,sediment supplying mechanism and relative sea level fluctuation are discussed.According to the ratio of accommodation to sediment supply,shallow continental shelf are divided into supply-dominated and accommodation-dominated sedimentary systems.The supply-dominated sedimentary system is characterized by high sediment supply rate and significant regression.The main sedimentary supply pattern to the shelf is the unloading of the large amount of fluvial deposits in high system tract（HST）.The accommodation-dominated sedimentary system is characterized by relative sea level rise and sediment high speed dissipation.The fluvial sediment supply is limited and the sediments are mostly the production of the re-modification of the in-situ sediments by tidal current and wind storm.Integrated with multiple technology methods,the refined shelf sedimentary character study from the control effects of global sea level changes,sedimentary supplement and the hydrodynamic and so on are the main research direction in the future.