西瓜新品种‘圣女红2号'的优质高产栽培技术研究

Study on good-quality and high-yield culture of new small-fruited watermelon cultivar 'Shengnuhong 2'

‘圣女红2号'是上海市农业科学院园艺研究所育成的早熟、优质、抗逆、小果型西瓜新品种,为提高该品种的品质和产量,加速‘圣女红2号'的推广,开展了配套栽培技术研究。结果表明:该品种的最佳整枝方式为单蔓整枝,种植密度以株距25 cm、行距250 cm、1.20万~1.44万株/hm^2为佳,基肥施用量以精制有机肥22.5 t/hm^2+狮马牌复合肥900~1 125 kg/hm^2为宜。果实膨大期通过叶面喷施4~5次500倍液狮马牌高钾叶面肥(N:P:K=7%:12%:40%),每次400 g,比不追肥对照增产29-67%,比传统穴施方式增产10%以上,同时显著改善了西瓜果实的品质。

In order to improve the fruit quality and yield of the new small-fruited watermelon culti- var ＇Shengn/ihong 2＇ which was bred by the Horticultural Research Institute and had earliness, good fruit quality and good adverse resistance, its supporting cultural techniques were studied under green- houses. The results showed that a single-vine pruning method was the most suitable to the cultivar＇s cultivation under structure,its appropriate planting density was 12 000- 14 400 plants/hm2 with plant spacing 25 cm and row spacing 250 cm,and the suitable base fertilizer rate was 900 - 1 125 kg/hm2 Shi- ma Brand complex fertilizer and 22.5 t/hm2 refined organic fertilizer. During the fruit expansion the foliar application of 500-fold solution of Shima Brand high potassium fertilizer（N： P： K = 7%：12%： 40%） for 4-5 times with 400 g each could increase the fruit yield by 29.67% over CK without addi- tional fertilizer and by more than 10% over the traditional hole application, and also could significant- ly improve the fruit quality.