突发事件应急响应专业人群应对行为的比较研究

A comparison study on coping behaviors of professional responder personnel for emergency

目的:研究我国突发事件应急响应专业人群(PRPE)的应对行为特征及影响因素。方法:从某市应急体系中整群随机抽取8个特勤中队(n=254)、10个卫生应急分队(n=243)进行方差分析。结果:各组解决问题、自责、求助、幻想、逃避、合理化等6种应对行为以及自我效能感、应激回弹力、情绪稳定能力、自我与经验不和谐、对社会支持利用度等5种影响因素差异均具有统计学意义。特勤队员与卫生人员比较,求助、合理化两种应对行为,情绪稳定能力、自我与经验不和谐、对社会支持利用度等三种影响因素,以及人口统计学因素、任务次数、队伍结构、机构、职业化程度、教育培训等专业背景的差异具有统计学意义。结论:PRPE应对行为反映了该人群特殊的职业要求,并在各专业分队之间呈现出一定的差异性,其形成过程受到多种因素的作用和影响,应该结合人群的职业特点设计科学合理、灵活高效的干预策略。

Objective ：To study the traits and influencing factors of coping behaviors of professional responder personnel for emergency （PRPE）. Methods： Eight special - service companies （ n = 254） and 10 health units （ n = 243） in Chongqing emergency system were recruited by means of cluster random sampling. Coping behaviors and relevant influencing factors were investigated, and the results were compared with the control group （ n = 243 ） which was composed of male teachers in middle schools. Results： Significant differences in 6 coping behaviors （problem - solving, self - blaming, help - seeking, fantasy, avoidance and rationalization） and 5 influencing factors （ self - efficacy, resilience, use of social support, disaccord on self - experience and ability of emotion - control） were found seperately between the control group and special - service group or the health group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There were significant differences in 2 coping behaviors （ help - seeking and rationalization）, 3 influencing factors （ use of so- cial support, disaccord on self - experience and ability of emotion - control） and several professional background characteristics （demographic factors, task scope, staff composition, organization, training and so on） between the special - service group and health group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Coping behaviors of PRPE, which would vary in different professional units and be affected by multiple factors, could reflect their special occupational demands. Occupation characteristics should be considered in working out scientific and efficient intervention strategies.