一种新型大鼠颅脑爆炸伤模型建立

A novel model of blast-related traumatic brain injury in rats

目的建立一种模拟爆炸性武器原发性冲击波损伤(PBI)的大鼠颅脑爆炸伤(bTBI)模型。方法 60只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组和爆炸伤后6 h、12 h、24 h、3 d、7 d损伤组(n=10)。大鼠麻醉后,将2.5 mm直径PETN炸药球放置于大鼠右额叶顶部(人字缝和矢状缝中点右侧3.0 mm)上方2.0 mm,利用电雷管及银质柔性导爆索引爆后,造成颅脑爆炸伤。观察动物伤后存活率及生存质量,于损伤后取大鼠损伤区脑组织行病理检查,并对血清行神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)含量测定。结果损伤组大鼠全部存活,硬膜下血肿和蛛网膜下腔出血明显,HE染色示损伤区神经元大量坏死、皮层微血管破裂出血,脑挫裂伤程度均一。与对照组相比,伤后6 h,血清NSE含量开始上升,24 h达到高峰(P<0.05),伤后7 d仍高表达(P<0.05)。结论 2.5 mm直径炸药球在2.0 mm的爆炸距离可模拟冲击波原发效应,损伤确定的同时,致死率低,重复性和稳定性较好,是一种可靠的大鼠颅脑爆炸伤模型。

Objective To establish an animal model of blast-related traumatic brain injury （bTBI） in rats, which simulates the mechanism of primary blast injury （PBI）of explosive weapons. Methods A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d groups according to time point after injury with 10 rats in each group. After the rats were anesthetized, a spherical exploder with 2.5 mm in diameter （ PETN contained） was placed 2.0 mm above the right frontal parietal lobe of the rats （3 mm right to the center point between bregma and lambda）. The explosion was triggered by an electric detonator and a silver blast-guide cable. The survival rate and pathological changes were recorded and the brain tissue was examined by a light microscope after injury. The blood samples were collected for testing the changes of serum neuron specific enolase （ NSE ） concentration after explosion. Results The experimental animals all survived after the explosive injury, and significant subdural hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhages were observed. The apoptosis and the necrosis of cerebral neurons were founded in the hematoxylin and eosin （HE）-stained sections of the injury area, and microvascular bleeding was observed. The NSE concentration was increased at 6 h after brain injury and peaked at 24 h, which was remarkably higher than that of the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and lasted to 7 d （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The spherical exploder with 2.5 mm in diameter can simulate the effect of PBI in explosion at the distance of 2.0 ram, and it can be used to establish a reliable and reproducible bTBI model in rats.