鲁西南地区高氟水分布规律与成因分析

Distribution and Genesis of High-fluorine Groundwater in Southwestern Shandong Province

地方性氟中毒是我国北方地区最为典型的地方病之一,查明高氟地下水的空间分布及其成因是除氟改水、防治氟害的前提。通过对鲁西南地区不同层位地下水水质分析结果及水文地质、地质条件等多个环境影响因素的综合分析,查明了鲁西南地区高氟水的空间分布规律,并分析了影响浅层和深层高氟水形成的环境因素。浅层高氟水呈片状分布于洼地、缓平坡地等地势较低的区域,占鲁西南地区总面积的47%,大部分地区高氟水氟离子含量为1.2～2.0 mg/L,局部大于4.0 mg/L,其形成受气候、地质环境、地形地貌特征及水化学环境等多个因素的影响,成因类型为溶滤-蒸发浓缩型。深层高氟水具有水平分带性,占鲁西南地区总面积的65%,大部分高氟水氟离子含量为2.0～4.0 mg/L,氟离子含量分布与晚更新世沉积相带呈现很好的相似性,推测其为地质历史时期形成的古地下水。

Endemic fluorosis is one of the most typical endemic distributing in northern China. Identifying the spatial distribution and genesis of high-fuorine groundwater is the premise of prevention and treatment of fluorosis. With comprehensive analysis of groundwater quantity in different aquifers, hydrogeological conditions and other factors of environmental impact, the spatial distribution of fluorine in groundwater is identified and the factors that influence the formation of high-fluorine groundwater are explained separately for shallow groundwater and deep groundwater. High-fluoride water in shallow aquifer is distributed in depression, slow fiat slope, etc. , which accounts for 47% of the total area of Southwestern Shandong Province. The concentration of F- in most parts of shallow aquifer is around 1.2 - 2.0 mg/L, locally greater than 4.0 mg/L. The formation of shallow high-fluoride water is jointly influenced by climate, geological environment, groundwater flow characteristics and water chemistry environment. The genetic type of shallow high-fluoride water is leaching-evaporation concentrated. Deep high-fluoride water, which has a horizontal zoning distribution, accounts for 65% of the total area of Southwestern Shandong Province. The concentration of Fin most parts of deep aquifer is 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L, and it＇s distribution has a similarity with the Late Pleistocene sedimentary. Therefore, we deem that deep high-fluoride water is ancient groundwater formed in geological historical period.