宁夏新垦区昆虫群落生态演替及有害种预警系统研究

STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF INSECT COMMUNITY AND PREDICTING SYSTEM FOR THE PESTS IN THE DESERT RECLAMATION AREA OF NINGXIA

以宁夏中宁县长山头、大战场 (荒漠半荒漠 )、灵武市狼皮子梁 (沙漠 )、青铜峡市渠口农场 (草原化荒漠 ) 3类垦前环境及其垦后不同耕作年限 (1～ 15a)农田昆虫群落演替特征进行了系统调查与研究 ,整理鉴定出昆虫 11目 79科 2 0 4种 ,按其分布和种群动态变化划分为原生性种类、共生性种类、继生性种类和迁入性种类 4个生态型类群 .在此基础上研究了不同目、不同营养型类群和不同生态型类群昆虫多样性变化及时间系列演替 ,发现随着荒漠开垦和农田耕作期的延长 ,半翅目、鞘翅目、脉翅目昆虫多样性呈下降趋势 ,缨翅目、同翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目昆虫多样性呈上升趋势 .昆虫群落组成和多样性发生显著性变化的时期为垦后a 5～ 6 ,到a 10～12后群落变化趋于减缓、农田昆虫群落基本形成 .以继生性种类和迁入性种类为基础 ,结合历史上荒漠开垦中害虫暴发情况 ,提出了宁夏新垦区有害种类的预警系统和警级 .图 4表 2参

The insects were investigated and collected in the three types of desert which are Changshantou and Dazhanchang desert and semi-desert in Zhongning County, Langpiziliang sand desert in Lingwu county and Qukou steppe desert in Qingtongxia city and in their respective reclamation croplands with 1 to 15 years. The whole collected 191 insects belong to 79 families and 11 orders. According to the distribution and the population dynamics of the insects, they were divided into four ecological groups, that is, endemic species, coexistent species, deriving species, adventitious species. Based on such division, the diversity and succession of the orders,the triphic groups and the encological groups were studied. It was concluded that the diversities of Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Neuroptera tended to decrease, while the diversities of Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera tended to increase with the prolongation of desert reclamation and its agricultural cultivation. The insect diversity changing was critical in 5 to 6 years after reclamation and tended to be stable in 12 to 15 years and then the agricultural insect community formed gradually. Based on the deriving species and adventitious species and the characteristics of pest outbreak in the history of desert reclamation of Ningxia, the predicting model and grades for key pests were proposed. Fig 4, Tab 2, Ref 15