福建省城乡居民就医行为和应急能力调查及其影响因素分析

Analysis on health seeking behavior and emergency response capacity and their associated factors among Fujian urban and rural residents

目的了解福建省城乡居民就医行为和应急能力及其影响因素,为有效解决因不合理就医导致的医疗资源浪费现象和因应急能力低下引发的对生命安全的威胁提供对策。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法对福建省城乡居民2041人进行调查。结果城乡居民拥有至少一种医疗保险的占95.6%,在身体感到不舒服时首先选择自行购药的占64.5%,城乡居民应急知识中知道正确拨打120急救电话的只有22.3%,知道怎么做心肺复苏的有18.4%,认识生物安全标识的有3.7%,89.9%的居民没有接受过合理就医的指导;94.3%的居民没有接受过心肺复苏的急救培训。年龄、离家最近的医疗机构为其他对应急能力的影响为负作用,文化程度、职业为专业技术人员、平均月收入在1000元以上、离家最近的医疗机构为社区卫生服务中心(站)和乡镇卫生院(村卫生所)对应急能力的影响为正作用。结论急需动员社会各有关部门利用各种机会对城乡居民进行正确就医和应急知识和技能的强化培训,以提高大众合理就医和应急能力。

Objective To understand the health seeking behavior and emergency response capacity of the urban and rural residents in Fujian Province and its influencing factors,and provide an effective solution method for the medical resources waste led by unreasonable medical treatment and life safety threat caused by poor emergency response capability.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used and 2041 residents in urban and rural of Fujian Province were investigated.Results The percentage of urban and rural residents who had at least one health insurance was 95.6%,the percentage of who felt uncomfortable and purchased medicines by themselves was 64.5%.About emergency knowledge,the percentage of who knew 120 emergency phone number was only 22.3%,the percentage of who knew how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 18.4%.3.7% of them knew the meaning of bio-security identification,89.9% of the residents did not receive reasonable medical guidance and 94.3% of them had not received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.Age and the nearest medical institution were negative related to other emergency response capacity.Educational level,occupation of professional and technical personnel,the average monthly income of more than RMB 1000,the nearest medical institutions for community health service centers（stations）,townshi phospitals（village health clinic）were positive related with emergency response capacity.Conclusion In order to improve the public reasonable medical treatment and emergency response capabilities,proper medical treatment and emergency knowledge and skills intensive training should be implemented among urban and rural residents.