基于3S技术的区域生态廊道模拟及优化

Simulation and Optimization of Regional Ecological Corridor Based on 3S Technology

以北京市朝阳区为例,运用3S技术并参考现有资料,对北京市朝阳区现有生态廊道状况进行了分析研究,并运用生态服务功能价值理论和耗费距离模型,模拟建立了北京市朝阳区潜在生态廊道模型。研究结果表明,研究区内生态环境受到了一定的破坏,景观破碎化严重,斑块聚集度虽高,但连接度不够,廊道连通性较差,许多重要的生态斑块没有足够的廊道连接,没有形成良好的生态网络,廊道的规模也达不到标准,服务范围较小。为修复现有廊道来维护区域生态安全,强化生态服务功能,建议北京市朝阳区生态廊道适宜宽度阈值:河流生态廊道植被宽度一侧至少30m以上,道路生态廊道植被宽度一侧至少60m以上,绿带生态廊道植被宽度一侧至少500m以上。

Taking Chaoyang District, Beijing as a case of study and using 3S technology, this paper analysed the existing ecological corridor and simulated the potential ecological corridor in the study area. A landscape security pattern was designed using the theory of ecological service and functional value, and the cost distance modeling. The cost distance modeling was used to calculate the effective distance for ecological corridors. By simulating the data from current ecological corridors and eco - service values, the potential ecological corridors were modeled. By comparing the current and potential ecological corridors, the results showed that the landscape was seriously fragmented and had low connectivity and connection despite a high degree of patchy aggregation. Most ecological patches do not have sufficient connections with ecological corridors and have not formed a well - functioned ecological network. The scale of corridor is below standard and has a small scope of service. It is necessary to maintain the regional ecological security and strengthen the function of ecological service through repairing the exiting ecological corridor. The thresholds of vegetation width are recommended to be 〉 30 m for a river ecological corridor, 〉 60 m for a road ecological corridor, and 〉 500 m for a green ecological corridor.