公园景观视觉质量的评价方法研究

Method of Landscape Visual Quality Assessment of Parks

介绍一种新的适用于公园景观视觉质量评价的方法,即"区内、区外景观复合叠加分析法"。该方法在实地观测和评价的基础上选用6个评价因子,分别为区内自然景观所占比例、区内自然景观的质素、区内景观建筑物与自然景观的协调性、区外人工建筑物的视觉占有率、区外人工建筑物离观测点的距离、区外人工建筑物的视觉主导性,对公园进行区内、区外景观的复合叠加分析,并将该方法应用于北京市典型的城市公园(紫竹院公园)和郊野公园(东小口公园)。其评价结果既可以从视觉角度对城市公园和郊野公园进行区分,又可以为公园内景观规划管理以及公园外围的空间控制提供依据。

A new evaluation method was established for landscape visual quality assessment of parks, namely ＂comprehensive superimposed analysis method in and outside of the park＂. Based on the observation and assessment, the analysis method was composed of 6 evaluation factors which include proportion of natural landscape in the park, permutation and combination of natural landscape in the park, coordination of landscape buildings and natural landscape in the park, proportion of artificial buildings outside of the park, the distance between observation point and artificial buildings outside of the park and visual leading of artificial buildings outside of the park. Then the method was applied to Zizhuyuan park which was a typical urban park and a typical country park called Dongxiaokou park. The applied result showed that the comprehensive superimposed analysis method could not only distinguish urban park from country park according its visual characteristics but also provided a basis for the planning management in the park and space control outside of it.