英语谓语研究

A Study on English Predicate

本文讨论谓语的定义、分类、形式与动词的中动、主动、被动意义。传统语法用"主(subject)、谓(predicate)、宾、定、补、状"六个"成分(components)"来描述句子结构。功能语法将句子结构分为:"主语"、"限定词"、"谓体"、"状语"、"补语"五种功能。本文将谓语定义为"限定成分+谓体"———采用传统语法的谓语形式。这是因为我们在讨论谓语的多功能性质的时候,不能把限定词和谓体分开。功能语法将动词本身分为中动、主动、被动三种语态意义。

We discuss here the definition, classification, forms and voices of English Predicate .Traditionally a sentence consists of six components as： subject, predicate, object, attributive, complement, and adverbial. But it is measured fimctionally by five functions as ： subject, finite, predicate; complement, and adjunct. We define predicate here as ＂ finite plus predicate＂, that is the form in traditional grammar, because when we discuss the predicate multi-functionally, we cannot set them apart.