从冲突到和解——政治思想史中对政教关系的三种经典表述

From Conflict to Reconciliation——The Three Classical statements on the Relationship Between Politics and Religion in the History of Political Thought

基督教不仅是人类文明的重要组成部分,长期以来还一直作为主导的社会意识形态存在,到今天依然发挥着极大的影响力。在历史上教会为实现自身理想曾与封建王权间发生过激烈的斗争,由此引发的教俗论战更是延绵数个世纪,期间有涌现出众多对政教关系的著述。从政治思想史的范畴看,对政教关系有三种经典的表述:英诺森三世——教权至上,霍布斯——否定教权强化主权,托克维尔--二者间达成和解。其中托克维尔的理论对当前我国有很强的借鉴意义,应当正确理解他笔下的政教分离原则以达到正确处理我国政教关系的目的。

Christianity is not only a very important part of human civilization, but also a dominating social ide- ology for a long time which still has an important influence today. There have been very fierce struggles between the church and feudal dynasty in history for the reason of the church desiring to realize their ideal. The controversy which come from the struggles between them lasted for centuries and many theories on the relationship between poll- tics and religion appeared meanwhile. There have three classical statements on the relationship between politics and religion in the history of political thought category ： Innocent III - - the power of the religion is highest, Hobbes - -deny the power of religion and strengthen the power of politics, Tocqueville - -the politics and religion could live in peace. The theory of Tocqueville could be used in our country to conduct the relationship between Politics and politics if we could understand his theory of separation of State and Church.