论《红日》中反面人物形象的书写

On the Writing of Negative Characters of "Hong Ri"

《红日》的叙述动机在于通过讲述一个"起源神话"来构建现代民族国家的主体意识。从理论上说,这种宏大叙事应当在历史理性的支配下,将处于历史对立面的一方在文本的叙述中视为"他者",并在先验目的的参与下抽空反面人物的内质。《红日》确实试图从历史素材选取、文本结构安排、语言修辞分配等方面出发,通过历史叙述的修辞建构,将反面人物形象建构为与"自我"割裂的"他者",以达到纯化"自我"、确证"自我"的目的。然而,作为所述历史的亲历者,《红日》的作者吴强又试图将个人的情感体验渗透于历史的叙述之中,使私人叙事在宏大叙事之下获得合法表达。在塑造"张灵甫"这一形象时,他就试图追求能够体现反面人物复杂内质的艺术效果。但是,作家的经验本身就受到特定历史语境下先验话语的规约。因此,"张灵甫"形象虽然有着同时代其他反面人物形象未有的复杂性,但并不能摆脱先验意识的制约,这一形象的塑造也并非成功。

The narrative motivation of ＂Hong Ri＂ is to construct the subject consciousness of modern nation - state by narrating a myth - of - origin. In theory, under the control of the historical reason, the grand narrative should regard the group on the opposite side as the otherness, and evacuate the connotation of negative characters in the participation of transcendental purpose. Assuredly, for the purpose of self - purification and self- verification, Hong Ri＂ intentionally constructed the negative characters as btherness＇which distinguished with ‘ego＇by selection of the historical materials, arrangement of text structure and distribution of linguistic rhetoric. However, as the witnesses of the history that he narrated, Wu Qiang, the author of ＂Hong Ri＂, al- so attempted to show his personal experience under the narrative of history and express the private discourse legally. When he shaped the character of ＂ Zhang Lingfu＂, Wu Qiang tried to achieve the aesthetic effect which could embody the complexity of negative characters. But the experience of novelist had been restrained by transcendental discourse in the situated historical context. Although, compared the negative characters which had been shaped at the same period, the character of ＂Zhang Lingfu＂ had the trait of complexity. In our opinion, the character of ＂Zhang Lingfu＂ could not get rid of the restriction of transcendental consciousness. The image -building of ＂Zhang Lingfu＂ was far from success.