论国家科技计划项目合同的私法属性及制度构建

Nature and Framework of Private Law concerning National Science and Technology Plan Project Contract

国家科技计划项目合同是国家科技管理部门与科研机构或科研人员之间,为实现国家科技计划、完成特定科研项目,确立双方权利义务关系而订立的合同。它是一种特殊的科研合同,属于私法契约范畴。目前我国国家科技计划项目合同制度存在着计划项目任务书与合同相混淆、合同性质不清、合同主体不清晰、权利义务不对等、具体合同条款内容设计不科学、责任性质不明确、纠纷救济机制和途径不清晰等缺陷和问题。在明确该合同为民事合同的前提下,有必要对其进行相应的制度重构。

A Contract of national project means one entered into by and between a state science and technology administration and a science research academy or one or more scientists for the purpose of carrying out a state scientific and technological plan or implementing a specific scientific project,in which the rights and obligations of both the parties are specified.It is a special science research contract falling within the scope of private law.Unfortunately in China there are lots of problems and defects concerning the contract of national project,such as confusion of the project plan with the contract,ambiguity of the nature of the contract,vagueness of the contract parties,imbalance of contractual rights and obligations,unscientific arrangement of contractual terms and contents,uncertainty of the nature of task,unclearness of dispute remedies and ways to settle controversies.Where it is proved that this sort of contracts is subject to civil law,it is necessary for us to reconstruct corresponding framework to regulate the relationship of the contracts.