交通噪声时空因素分析的初探

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Factors of Traffic Noise

噪声作为一种声音信号应该是时间和空间两种特性的组合。通过对道路交通噪声和铁路噪声两种声源信号的自相关函数(Autocorrelation Function)和双耳自相关函数(Interaural Cross-correlation Function)的分析,判定表征声音信号空间和时间的物理量是否能够更全面、准确地表明交通噪声的特性,并在此基础上进行主观评价实验,找出人的主观感受与这些物理量之间的关系。结果表明,相比传统的声压级测量自相关函数和双耳自相关函数接合时空特性可以更好地表征交通噪声的特性,初步认证其与主观反应之间的关系,具体的对应关系还需要进一步的研究。

As a type of sound signal, noise mustinclude spatial and temporal factors. In this paper, the temporal factors extracted from autocorrelation function （ACF） and the spatial factors extracted from interaural cross-correlation function （IACF） were adopted to analyze the acoustical properties of noise segments in order to find the suitable physical parametersthat could represent road traffic noise and railway noise. Afterwards, those noise segments were replayed and the subjective evaluation test was performed to evaluate the annoyance of the noise. Then, the relationship between the subjective annoyance and the physical parameters extracted from ACF and IACFwas found. As a result, it was shown that temporal and spatial factors extracted from ACF and IACF can represent the acoustical information of railway and road traffic noises. However, further detailed study is necessary to derive the precise relationship between the subjective evaluation and the ACF and IACF factors.