小差距收入状态下教师人力资本效率问题探析——基于云南省三县的调查分析

Analysis of the State′s Teacher Human Capital Efficiency on Small Gap between the Incomes:Based on the Survey and Analysis in Three Counties in Yunnan

合理的收入差距是保证劳动者积极性的必要条件,特别是在"经济人"条件约束下,没有合理的差距很难促进人力资本的效率发挥。通过对云南省三个县中小学教师收入与效率之间关系的研究,认为:作为人力资本的教师具有难以度量资本质量的特点,在目前条件下,以"考试分数"这种较为单一的方式作为测量工具,并不能全面反映人力资本的贡献质量。并且,当教育行业与其他高收入行业并非通过市场竞争获得合理差距时,就会挫伤教育行业的积极性;当教育行业内部收入差距过小时,作为人力资本的教师会关闭部分效率,以回应不足额的资本回报,从而使全额效率打折扣。

Reasonable income gap is necessary conditions to ensure workers＇ enthusiasm, especially in the constraint of ＂economic man＂, no reasonable income gap is difficult to promote the efficiency play of human capital. Through research on relationship between income and research of primary and secondary school teachers in four counties of Yunnan Province, it comes to the conclusion： as the human capital , teachers have the characteristics of difficulty to measure the capital quality, under the present condi- tions, ＂test scores＂, as a measurement tool, it is more single, and it can not fully reflect the contribu- tion quality of human capital. In addition, when the education sector and other high-income sectors get- ting reasonable income gap don＇t come through with market competition, it will dampen the enthusiasm of the education sector; when the income gap within the education sector is too small, teachers will shut down part of the efficiency in response to deficit capital return, so that discount the full efficiency.