礼玉精神的代表——良渚文化的审美解读

Symbols of Ritual Jade Spirit——The aesthetic interpretation of the Liangzhu culture

距今五千年至四千年的良渚文化以其璀璨的玉文化而与北方的红山文化构成南北玉文化之双峰。良渚玉器上的神人兽面纹寓含着人性的觉醒;有一定数量的玉琮、玉璧和玉钺的发现说明祭祀礼仪和王权专制在当时已经确立;龙和鸟的艺术品的发现说明良渚已经有了龙凤崇拜且以凤凰崇拜为主。整个良渚文化较为完整地体现出中华传统文化的天地至尊精神和礼乐教化精神。如果说红山文化的玉器以巫玉为本质的话,那么,良渚文化的玉器则以礼玉为本质。

Beeanse of its splendid jade culture, the Liangzhu culture, which emerged 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, along with the Hongshan culture in the north, constituted the double peaks of the jade culture in southern and northern China. The beast - face - pattern jade in the Liangzhu culture implies the awakening of the humanity. The discovery of a certain number of jade eong, jade disc, and jade yue ornaments indicates that dragon and phoenix worship already emerged in the Liangzhu culture, with a primary fo- cus on phoenix worship. The entire Liangzhu culture completely reflects the “universe as the supreme being” and the “Li and Yue cultivation” spirit. If the jade wares in the Hongshang culture were witchcraft jade in nature, then the jade wares in the Liangzhu culture were ritual lade in nature.