短发夹RNA及其在头颈肿瘤研究中的应用

Short Hairpin RNA and Its Application in the Research of Head and Neck Neoplasms

RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种分子生物学上由双链RNA(dsRNA)诱发的特定基因沉默现象。随着该项技术的不断发展,以质粒、病毒为载体表达的短发夹RNA(shRNA)具有更强大的基因沉默作用,可使目的基因在细胞内稳定增殖并获得长效剔除效应。近年来,以shRNA为工具的RNAi技术开始在体内外各项实验中应用并取得突破,包括功能基因组学、药物靶点筛选、细胞信号转导通路分析及疾病治疗等,尤其在肿瘤领域显示出广阔的应用前景。

RNA interference （ RNAi ） is the phenomenon of specific gene silencing induced by doublestranded RNA（dsRNA） in molecular biology. With the continuous development of this technology, short hairpin RNA （shRNA） with plasmid or virus as expression vector play a more powerful gene silencing role, which could achieve intracellular proliferation of the target gene and a durable knockout effect. In recent years, experiments relied on this technology have achieved a breakthrough both in vitro and in vivo, including functional genomics, drug target screening, cell signal transduction pathway analysis and disease treatment, especially in tumor field with broad application prospect.