青少年两难决策的困难认知研究

A Tentative Exploration on Difficulty Cognition of Dilemma in Youngsters

目的初步探索青少年学生面临两难选择时困难认知的特点。方法先采用行为实验对240名大中学生两难选择困难感知特点进行测试,其次借助德国SMI视线追踪系统,测定44名大学生在两难选择时的即时反应特点。结果①在医生救助和手术签字两难中,两种条件下大学生和中学生均认为"现有的医疗资源只能救活一个人"和"签字和保全性命的关系"是理解困难的地方;②在手术签字两难的两个分支前提中,仅平均注视时间在两种难度之间差异显著(t=-5.104,P<0.01;t=-3.317,P<0.01);回视次数在两种难度之间差异不显著(t=0.060,P>0.01;t=-3.317,P>0.01);③手术签字两难中第二分支前提注视时间所占比例显著大于第一分支前提的相应比例。结论行为实验和眼动实验一致表明,在面临重大两难决策时,大中学生均有凭直觉判断的特点。

Objective To find the characteristics of youngsters＇ difficulty cognition in face of the most important dilemma.Methods First 240 school students and undergraduates attended the pen and paper experiment,then 44 college students participated eye movement study.Results ① In the dilemma of doctor help and signature for surgery,subjects regarded ＂merely one person could be saved in the condition of current medical resources＂ and ＂the relation between signature and saving from danger＂ as difficulty of understanding.②On the two premises of dilemma of signature,there was significant difference of average fixation times between two types of dilemma（t=-5.104,P0.01;t=-3.317,P0.01）,while there was no marked difference of regression fixation counts between the two（t=0.060,P0.01;t=-3.317,P0.01）.③The fixation proportion of the second premise（10.29） was higher than that of the first premise（7.65）.Conclusion While faced with the most important dilemma,the youth students would make a decision with instinctive judgment.