硼铁矿资源开发利用研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of the Exploitation and Utilization of Paigeite Ore

分析了我国近几年对硼铁矿资源综合利用的现状,以及在硼铁矿选矿、湿法分离工艺和火法分离工艺等方面取得的研究进展。选矿分离主要采用分级、重选、磁选、浮选等处理方法;湿法分离工艺有碱法(碳碱法)和酸法(一步法)两种处理方法;火法分离工艺有高炉法、直接还原-熔化分离法和碳热氯化法。硼铁矿石组成复杂,主要矿物有硼镁石、磁铁矿、硼镁铁矿、晶质铀矿和蛇纹石,难以采用常规的选矿方法很难分离利用其中的硼、铁有用元素,为劣质铁矿资源;硼铁矿由于硼品位偏低,铁成分高,采用常规硼化工工艺不能有效从硼铁矿中提硼,至今硼铁矿未能得到大规模的有效开发利用。因此,合理开发硼铁矿矿床,实现硼铁矿资源中硼铁镁铀等有价元素充分利用意义重大。

In this paper, the status and progress of the exploitation and utilization of domestic paigeite resource were analyzed, and the research progress in physical separation processes, hydrometallurgy separation processes and ther- mometallurgy separation processes were summarized. Such treatment methods as classification, gravity concentration, magnetic separation and flotation were mainly adopted in physical process. Alkaline method （carbon alkaline meth- od） and acid method（ one-step method）in hydrometaUurgy separation process and blast furnace process and direct reduction-melting separation method in thermometallurgy separation process. The composition of paigeite ore was complicated, mainly containing szaibelyite, magnetite, ludwigite, uranatemnite and serpentine, which were difficult to be separated and utilized effectively by common mineral processing processes. Meanwhile, conventional boron ex- traction process was not suitable for paigeite,whichbelongs to an inferior iron or boron ore and cannot be exploited on a large scale. Therefore, it has great realistic economic and important strategic significance to carry on the re- search on new technologies and basic theories for the exploitation and utilization of paigeite ore.