清至民初卫河变迁考

Changes of Weihe in the Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

卫河系海河水系的支流,它流经河南北部、河北南部及山东西北部,隋唐至宋元时期称为御河,是重要的漕运通道。清至民初时期(1644—1927),由于支流分布及地理位置、地势等原因,卫河水患常发,河道亦时常发生变迁,其变迁河段主要在滑县至大名县之间,且有逐渐向东南偏移的总体趋势和特点。研究表明:卫河的主要支流均在滑县以下由西北向东南注入卫河,而卫河东岸除了流量不大的硝河外,则较少有河流的汇入,加上漳河的频繁迁徙和不断侵入,势必会对东岸造成冲击,从而引发卫河向东南滚动迁移。

Weihe is a branch of Haihe,which flows through the north of Henan, the south of Hebei and the northwest of Shandong Province. It was called Yuhe from SuiTang to SongYuan Dynasties and looked as a very important road of canal transportation. In the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China（ 1644--1927 ） ,the flooding of Weihe and the changes of fiver course were frequent because of the distribution of tributaries and geographic location as well as topography and other reasons. The main changes were loacted between the Hua and Darning County with trends and characteristics of moving to the south-east gradually. The major tributary flows from northwest to southeast into the Weihe next to Hua County while the east bank of the Weihe has few branches except the Xiaohe. On the other hand, the frequent migrations of Zhanghe invaded and hence erode the east coast of the Weihe, causing its migration to the southeast.