上海地区婴儿母亲返岗及工作场所母乳喂养支持状况研究

Study on mothers return to work and supportive status of breastfeeding in workplace in Shanghai

目的:了解上海地区婴儿母亲返岗工作及工作场所对母乳喂养的支持条件。方法:对上海市徐汇区和闵行区402位产后12～15个月的婴儿母亲进行问卷调查,对8位产后12个月的婴儿母亲进行个人深入访谈。结果:332位婴儿母亲在产后12个月前已返岗工作,返岗时间中位数为产后4.0个月,134位母亲由于返岗工作而停止母乳喂养。在198位返岗后仍继续母乳喂养的母亲中,15.7%的乳母工作6个月后仍能继续母乳喂养,83.3%的乳母能享受每天1 h的哺乳假,但该假对改善母乳喂养的实际帮助并不大;80.8%的乳母工作场所有冰箱可以存放乳汁,但乳母多半很难为哺乳或挤奶腾出时间、找到地方或携带工具;45.9%的母亲认为工作单位并非积极支持母乳喂养。结论:大部分婴儿母亲在产后12个月前已经返岗工作,多数因上班而停止母乳喂养;大部分婴儿母亲工作单位能遵守法定产假和哺乳假,仍有大部分工作单位缺乏支持母乳喂养的配套设施,缺乏支持母乳喂养的工作环境,因此亟待营造一个支持职业女性母乳喂养的工作环境。

Objective： To understand the status of mothers return to work and supportive status of breasffeeding in workplace in Shanghai. Methods： A total of 402 mothers at 12 -15 months after delivery from Xuhui district and Minhang district in Shanghai city were investigated by a questionnaire, eight mothers at 12 months after delivery were interviewed deeply. Results： A total of 332 mothers at 12 months after delivery returned to work. The median time for them returning to work was 4. 0 months after delivery, and 134 mothers stopped breastfeeding because of work. Among 198 mothers who continued breastfeeding, 15.7% of them continued breastfeeding beyond 6 months, 83.3% of them could enjoy one hour lactation leave per day but the lactation leave didnt have practical help for improving breastfeeding; 80. 8% of them could use refrigerators to store milk in their workplaces but it was difficult for most of them to make time, find a place or car- ry tools for breastfeeding or milking; 45.9% of them thought that breastfeeding is not actively supported in their workplaees. Conclusion： Most of the mothers in this study return to work within 12 months after childbirth. The most of them stop breastfeeding because of work. Most of the workplaces are able to stick to maternity leave and lactation leave policies, but most of the workplaces linfit supporting facilities and work environment supporting breastfeeding. It is necessary to create a friendly work environment to support breastfeeding for professional women.