刑事错案的社会学分析——以案件社会学为视角

The Sociological Analysis of Misjudged Criminal Cases——From the Perspective of Case Sociology

从案件的社会学角度审视,可发现错案存在一个社会结构问题:一是错案中受害人大多生活在社会中下层且居住在农村与市郊;二是错案中的侦查机关在程序中的强势地位与社会中的经济劣势并存;三是错案中受害人所聘请律师呈现整体无用与偶然奏效的局面;四是侦查人员的观念与民意"同质化",且其多数成为犯罪被害人一方的支持者,而让错案受害人无力抗争。为避免案件社会结构因素推动错案的生成,应借鉴案件社会学的理论,在侦查环节做到:第一,通过组织、律师支持,提升被追诉者的程序主体地位;第二,加大办案机关的资源投入,提高案件质量;第三,强化办案机关案件审核,避免"一错到底";第四,主体改造与客观建设同步进行,以减少侦查机关及侦查人员的社会化特征。

A social structure problem can be found from the perspective of case sociology. Firstly, victims in misjudged cases mostly come from middle and bottom social classes and live in countryside and suburbs; secondly, powerful position of investigation organs in procedures and economic disadvantages in society coexist in misjudged cases; thirdly, lawyers hired by victims are mostly useless or occasionally useful in misjudged cases; fourthly, investigators＇ concepts are homogeneous with public opinions and most of them become supporters of one party of criminal victims, which leads to victims＇ weakness in resisting. In order to avoid happening of misjudged cases driven by social structure elements, we shall use theories of case sociology for reference and do the following in investigation part ： firstly, to improve dominant position of procedure of the accused with support of organization and lawyers; secondly, to invest more resources of investigation organs and improve case quality ; thirdly, to case examination of case organs and avoid keeping on construction are conducted simultaneously to reduce investigators. strengthen mistakes; fourthly, subject transformation and object socialized characteristic of investigation organs and