价值判断与中国刑法学知识转型

Value Judgment and the Knowledge Transformation of Chinese Criminal Jurisprudence

欧陆刑法发展史表明了刑法价值判断的极端重要性。中国刑法学平面式犯罪构成四要件理论需要重构为事实判断/价值判断、不法/责任清晰区分的阶层式犯罪论体系。要在刑法价值判断方法论的指导下实现中国刑法学具体知识的转型,仅承认行为和结果之间的事实条件关系远远不够,谁对结果发生"有错"意义上的客观归责判断至关重要;应深入研究答责性概念,通过价值判断将犯罪论和刑罚论紧密联系起来;对义务犯建构不同于支配犯的解释原理。在运用价值判断方法时,要确定刑法上"规范的价值判断"标准,合理界定刑法价值判断的限度。

The history of European continental criminal jurisprudence reveals the extreme importance of value judgment. The four elements theory of plane-shaped criminal constitution in Chinese criminal jurisprudence needs to rebuild a hierarchical criminal system so as to make distinction between factual judgment and value judgment, and between illegality judgment and liability judgment. To promote the specific knowledge transformation of Chinese criminal jurisprudence under the guidance of value-judgment methodology, it is far from being enough to recognize the de facto conditions and relations of an act and its outcome; it is also important to make an objective liability fixation judgment on 'whose fault' has caused the occurrence of the outcome. We should examine in depth the accountability concept and link the theory of crime with the theory of criminal punishment with value judgment. We should also develop a theorem that distinguishes principal offense from the offense of duty. In applying the method of value judgment, we should identify the 'normative value judgment' as a standard in criminal law, and rationally define the limits of value judgment in criminal law.