宋元时期华南的盐政运作与区域社会——以东莞盐场地区为中心

The Salt Administration Operation and Regional Society in South China in the Song and Yuan Dynasties——Taking Dongguan salt works as an example

盐政制度在地方上的推行,与区域社会的历史变迁密不可分。从宋至元,以东莞为中心的华南盐业生产的管理和盐场建制的过程,也是盐政制度在区域社会中的展开和运作的过程。这个过程分三个阶段:先是从北宋开始,盐业生产以沿海居民自由煎煮,后由官府收购;南渡以后,盐为国计所赖,朝廷大力打击盐户私贩以及加强盐场催煎、买纳的管理;元代重建广南盐政机构之后,更注重盐场户籍的管理。但盐政制度始终没有能够深入到盐场基层,在地方上仍旧放任和依仗富灶,从而促成盐场豪族的壮大,成为当时地方的主导力量。

The implementation of salt administration and regional social and historical change are inseparable.From the Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty,the process of salt production management and salt organizational system in Dongguan,the salt center of south China,is also a process of implementation of salt administration in regional society.This process is divided into three stages： first,from the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty,salt production was carried out by coastal residents＇ free decoction,then the government purchased the works;after entering the south China,the government banned salt private selling and strengthened salt decoction and purchase as salt was the national necessity;in the Yuan Dynasty,the south Guangdong salt administration paid more attention to the salt works registration.However,the salt administration mechanism had never come to the most basic salt works.The local government still relied on the rich salt producer,encouraged the growing of the rich salt merchants and formed the dominant power of the local.