寻找民族文化之根与抵制同化——北美印第安人萨满文化的复兴

Searching for the Root of the Ethical Culture and Resisting the Assimilation:The Renaissance of the Shamanism of the North American Indians

北美印第安人世代传承的、以万物有灵信仰为核心的文化体系属于广义的萨满文化范畴,其在历史上曾是北美印第安人所信奉的民族文化之根。16世纪以来,北美印第安人遭受到种族灭绝和文化同化的双重打击,萨满文化作为＂基督教＂的对立面也遭到了仇视、禁止。19世纪以来工业文明在全球迅速普及,北美印第安人萨满文化的衰微也随之加速。然而近年来,在北美印第安人表达抵制同化的意愿的过程中,萨满文化作为民族文化之根出现了恢复和复兴的趋势。这是全球萨满文化复兴的重要类型之一,也是萨满文化当代变迁的一个重要观察点。

It is generally acknowledged by the academic world that the shamanism which based on the animism is the ethical cultural root of the North American Indians in history. Since thel6th century,the North American Indians have suffered from the genocide and cultural assimilation,and their shamanism have been regarded as savage culture and been banned.The shamanism declined faster than ever in the industrial civilization of the 19th century, while in the recent years it and reviving.In recent years,as the root of the culture, shamanism appeared the tendency of recovery and renaissance as the North American Indians express their desire to resist the assimilation.It is an important style of the renaissance of shamanism in the whole world,and also an important observation point on the contemporary change of shamanism.