华北平原不同年代冬小麦品种灌浆特性对水分亏缺的响应

Responses of grain filling characteristics of winter wheat cultivars released in different decades to water deficit in North China Plain

选取华北平原20世纪50年代以来的代表品种碧蚂1号、济南2号、泰山1号、冀麦26、冀麦38和济麦22,通过田间试验的方法研究了灌溉和雨养条件下不同年代小麦品种籽粒千粒重和灌浆特性的差异。结果表明:1)在灌溉和雨养条件下,小麦籽粒千粒重随品种的更替均呈逐渐增加的趋势,灌浆期天数和平均灌浆速率逐渐增加,其中速增期天数和灌浆速率的增加是当前小麦品种济麦22籽粒千粒重较高的主要原因;2)与灌溉条件相比,在雨养条件下不同年代小麦品种的籽粒千粒重、灌浆期天数和平均灌浆速率、速增期天数和灌浆速率均有所下降,但下降幅度存在差异,当前品种济麦22的下降幅度高于以前品种,对水分亏缺的敏感性较强。因此,在未来的小麦育种中,应更多地选育速增期天数多和灌浆速率高的品种,并提高其对水分亏缺的适应性。

Six cultivars,namely：Bima 1,Jinan 2,Taishan 1,Jimai 26,Jimai 38 and Jimai 22 released in the 1950s,1960s,1970s,1980s,1990s and 2000s,were grown under both irrigated and rain-fed conditions in two successive growing seasons from 2010 to 2012.The 1000-grain weight and grain filling characteristics were monitored and compared among cultivars to water conditions.The results indicated that the current cultivar（Jimai 22） was characterized by remarkable increase in 1000-grain weight,grain filling duration,average filling rate,especially grain filling duration and rate during the quickly increasing stage along with the cultivar evolvement.Under rain-fed condition,the 1000-grain weight and the grain filling duration and rate values of all cultivars during the quickly increasing stage were lower than those under irrigated condition.The fact that larger reduction for Jimai 22 compared to other cultivars indicates it is more vulnerable to water deficiency.Therefore,future research should focus on the grain filling characteristics and their adaptation to water deficit during the quickly increasing stage in winter wheat.