肉苁蓉蒴果与种子发育研究

Study on the capsule and seed development of Cistanche deserticola

以肉苁蓉蒴果和种子为试验材料,研究了肉苁蓉蒴果和种子的发育。结果表明:1)肉苁蓉从开花到蒴果开裂所需时间为35d。肉苁蓉蒴果和种子颜色在发育过程中经历了白色、褐色和黑色的转变,当肉苁蓉蒴果由褐色变为黑色时即花后30d左右为肉苁蓉种子的适宜采收期。2)肉苁蓉蒴果长度、宽度、鲜重和干重在花后25d时均达到最大值,分别为17.48mm、12.33mm、1.620g和0.295g,并且肉苁蓉蒴果发育可分为体积增大期、内部充实期和成熟期3个时期。3)肉苁蓉种子长度和宽度在花后25d时达到最大值,分别为1.22和0.77mm,每蒴果种子鲜重在花后20d达到最大值,为0.768g;每蒴果种子干重在花后35d时达到最大值,为0.206g。4)肉苁蓉种子千粒重和饱满度均在花后35d达到最大,而<0.5mm种子所占比例则在花后35d时最小,分别为0.086 7g、85.99%和10.23%。种子萌发率在花后30d达到最大值,为53.3%。

Field sampling surveys and laboratory studies were applied to study the capsule and seed development of Cistanche deserticola.The results showed： 1） The time from flowering to capsule dehiscence of C.deserticola was 35 d.The color of the capsule and seed experienced a white,brown and black change,when the color of the capsule changed from brown to black（30 d after flowering） was the appropriate harvest period of C.deserticola seeds.2） 30 days after flowering,the length,width,fresh weight and dry weight per capsule of C.deserticola reached the maximum,with value of 17.48 mm,12.33 mm,1.620 g and 0.295 g respectively.The capsule development of C.deserticola can be divided into three periods,the volume increasing stage,internal filling stage and the stable stage.3） 25 days after flowering,the seed length and width of C.deserticola reached the maximum,1.22 and 0.77 mm.30 days after flowering,the fresh seed weight per capsule reached 0.768 g whereas at day 35 after flowering,the dry seed weight per capsule reached the maximum 0.206 g.4） 35 days after flowering,both the 1000-grain weight and seed plumpness reached the maximum while the proportion of small seeds（0.5 mm） decreased the minimum,with value of 0.086 7 g,85.99% and 10.23%,respectively.At day 35 after flowering,the seed germination rate reached the maximum 53.3%.