北京地区灰霾化学特性研究进展

Progress on studies of the chemical characteristics of haze in Beijing

近年来北京及周边地区灰霾发生频繁,对其形成气象条件、气候效应及模型预报等方面的研究迅速兴起。灰霾的形成是由气象因素和大气污染物共同决定的,以不同人为活动为代表的不同污染物排放源,为灰霾的形成提供了本地源。而污染物的大尺度迁移、扩散,又构成了更大空间尺度城市群落的气溶胶区域污染。笔者分别综述了北京地区的灰霾天气现状、北京灰霾化学组成特征、来源及区域性特点,并在此基础上指出,明确和区分北京及周边地区灰霾化学特性的时空变异特征及不同排放源的相对贡献量,进一步发展和应用新型分析测试手段,开展多学科综合研究,是北京地区灰霾研究和控制的重要发展趋势。

Meteorological elements,climate effect and model forecast of haze were studied intensely due to the frequent haze occurrence in Beijing in recent years.Air pollutant is the essential element of haze formation besides meteorological conditions.Local sources with different anthropogenic origins constitute the major parts of the haze pollutants at the respective functional zones.Furthermore,long-range transport,diffusion and interaction of pollutants contribute to regional air pollution among cities and the surrounding areas.In this paper,recent studies were reviewed on the pollution status,chemical characteristics,sources and regional patterns of haze in Beijing.Thereafter,it indicated the important tendencies of haze studies in Beijing.New analytical technology and multidisciplinary researches should be developed to make clear the temp-spatial variation of haze chemical characteristics and the relative contributions of different anthropogenic sources to haze in Beijing.