大城市外来人口分布态势的分析与启示——以上海为例

The Spatial Pattern of Migrant Population in Metropolis: A Case Study of Shanghai

随着都市区这类新型城市化空间形态的发展,对大城市外来人口问题的研究不应仅仅停留在总量变动的探讨和空间无差别化的政策设计。近年人口普查数据显示,上海外来人口分布正扩散到全市的各个区域,呈"面状侵入"的发展态势,其中远郊区外来人口增长最为突出。外来人口与上海市户籍人口居住空间的交叉、重叠、渗透将普遍出现在全市各个环带。外来人口的性别、年龄、受教育程度等结构特征在都市区内部均呈现比较明显的环带差异。经济发展、产业结构调整、大型居住区规划建设等对外来人口分布变动产生较大影响。二元城市管理模式下,外来人口公共管理与服务的压力存在显著的空间非均衡性,为此应设计一套具有空间响应性的公共管理与服务机制。上海各类属性外来人口的空间分布也呈现明显的环带差异特征,这些都是将来精细化政策设计的现实依据。

With emergence of the new pattern of urbanization such as metropolis, the focus of migrant population studies should not only lay on the total volume or non-spatial policy de-sign. The latest census data show that the number of migrant population increases in all districts of Shanghai, fastest in the suburbs. It will become a common phenomenon that migrant popula-tion in metropolis penetrate and mix with local residents. The data also shows that structural traits of migrant population, including gender, age, and education level are different in inner city and suburb. Economic development, industrial structure reform and urban community construc-tion will all cast obvious impacts on their spatial pattern. Due to differential treatment in urban-rural management, public services aimed at migrant population is under pressure in terms of spatial distribution, which makes it imperative to design a set of public management and service that is spatially responsive.