1990至2012年甘肃两农村地区高血压患病率变化趋势

The tendency of prevalence of hypertension in two countries in Gansu province from 1990 to 2012

目的研究甘肃两农村地区高血压患病率变化趋势，为评价农村居民高血压提供流行病学依据。方法采用等距随机抽样的方法，选择位于长江流域的西和县杨庄村、黄河流域的泾川县向明村两个偏远山区自然村作为现场，采用哨点横断面监测方法进行高血压监测。自1990至2012年，对常住18岁以上人口开展临床体检，连续监测23年，共检测11164名。结果检测人群高血压患病率呈逐年增长趋势，杨庄村从1990年的6．9％（16／232），增加到2012年的36．7％（216／597），增长了29．8％，向明村从1995年的3．4％（16／474），增加到2011年的20．6％（120／582），增长了17．2％。杨庄村高血压总患病率为24．1％（1505／6240），高于向明村的11．4％（578／4924），差异有统计学意义（X^2=277．9，P〈0．01）。杨庄村、向明村18～35岁人群高血压总患病率分别为9．9％（292／2944）、4．2％（63／1495），杨庄村高于向明村（X^2=43．7，P〈0．01）；杨庄村、向明村35岁以上人群高血压患病率分别为36．8％（1213／3296）、14．1％（515／3429），杨庄村高于向明村（X^2=417．7，P〈0．01）。两地区18～35岁组高血压患病率增速（杨庄村为823．5％，向明村为614．3％）均高于35岁以上人群（杨庄村为310．5％，向明村为368．0％），但35岁以上人群患病率高于18～35岁人群。杨庄村、向明村男性高血压患病率分别为25．4％（761／2992）、11．7％（238／2047），杨庄村高于向明村（X^2=145．8，P〈0．01）；杨庄村、向明村女性高血压患病率分别为22．7％（738／3248）、11．2％（340／2877），杨庄村高于向明村（X^2=125．1，P〈0．01）。而杨庄村、向明村人群性别间差异无统计学意义。结论两监测点高血压处于高流行态势，但流行趋势高低不同；应针对不同地域环境特点，对高血压病进行研究，为科学防控提供依据。

Objective To study the variation tendency of hypertension in two rural areas in Gansu, and provide epidemiological evidence to evaluate the hypertension of rural residents. Methods Using equidistant random sampling method and cross-sectional sentinel monitoring, two remote natural villages, Yangzhuang and Xiangming, at Yellow river and Yangtze river valley were selected as hypertension monitoring site. From 1990 to 2012, clinical examination to the resident above 18 years old was carried out continuously for 23 years,ll 164 cases were included. Results Hypertension prevalence of tested cases increased with years,Yangzhuang monitoring site increased from 6. 9% （16/232） in 1990 to 36.7% （216/597） in 2012 with an increase of 29. 8%, and Xiangming monitoring site increased from 3.4% （16/474） in 1995 to 20. 6% （ 120/582 ） in 2011 with an increase of 17.2% . Total prevalence of Yangzhuang （ 24. 1% , 1505/6240） was significantly higher than Xiangming （ 11.4% , 578/4924 ） （ X^2 = 277.9, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Total hypertension prevalence of 18 -35 years old group was 9.9% （292/2944） in Yangzhuang and 4. 2% （ 63/1495 ） in Xiangrning, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming （ X^2= 43.7, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Total hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was 36. 8% （1213/3296） in Yangzhuang and 14. 1% （515/3429） inXiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming （ X^2= 417.7, P 〈 0. 01 ） . The growth rates of hypertension prevalence in 18 -35 years old group of both areas （Yangzhuang： 823.5%, Xiangming： 614. 3% ） were higher than 35 years old group （ Yangzhuang： 310. 5%, Xiangming： 368.0% ）, but the hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was higher than 18 - 35 years old group. Hypertension prevalence of male was 25.4% （761/2992） in Yangzhuang and 11.7% （238/2047） in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming （X^2 = 145.8, P 〈 0.01 ）, hypertension prevalence of female was 22. 7% （738/3248） in Yangzhuang and 11.2% （340/2877）in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming（X^2 = 125. 1, P 〈 0.01 ） . While the difference between male and female had no statistical significance in both areas. Conclusion Hypertension of the two monitoring points was in high epidemic trend, but with different epidemic trend. From different region and environment research to discuss the cause of hypertension can provide scientific evidence for prevention and control.