语法隐喻的级转移向度及呈现方式

Rankshift Directions and Representations of Grammatical Metaphor

系统功能语言学认为语法隐喻产生于语义层和词汇语法层体现关系的错位。然而,这种观点可能造成三个方面的误解:一是承认小句复合体是位于小句之上的级阶单位;二是承认同一级阶的语法单位之间可以发生范畴转移;三是在人际隐喻和语篇隐喻中寻求级转移解释。根据语法隐喻的识别标准,三种元功能都可以产生语法隐喻,但呈现方式有较大差异。概念隐喻体现为横组合型的级转移,人际隐喻体现为纵聚合型的范畴转移,语篇隐喻体现为纵聚合型的心理表征。

Grammatical metaphor in the Hallidayan sense is the result of disjunction of the semantic realization by lexicogrammar. This argument will cause at least three misconceptions, first, taking clause complex as a unit above clause in the rank scale second, there being transcategorizations between word groups third, pursuing rankshift in interpersonal and textual metaphors. According to the metaphorical identification criteria, grammatical metaphor can occur in all the three metafunctions of the Systemic Functional Linguistics. Their realizations, however, are different. Ideational metaphor is realized as syntagmatic rankshift, interpersonal metaphor as paradigmatic transcategorization, and textual metaphor as paradigmatic mental representation.