刑罚裁量中法律效果与社会效果的比较与选择

Comparison and Choice of Legal Effect and Social Effect in the Measurement of Penalty

刑罚的法律效果本应包含社会效果,但在当代中国语境下二者是并列关系。刑罚的法律效果不等于机械适用法定刑,而是在法定刑的基础上,综合考虑刑法原则、刑法精神、刑罚目的、量刑制度等因素确定宣告刑。刑罚裁量的法律效果注重的是刑罚的法治目的、正义价值与长久效果,其实质是在坚持罪刑法定原则的前提下,以犯罪行为与行为人为中心确定刑罚的轻重;刑罚裁量的社会效果立足于刑罚的工具思想、秩序价值与当前效果,其实质是在"法律、政策、政治"的博弈中选择了"政策、政治",在"权利、权力、利益"的权衡中倾向了"权力、利益",在"正义、秩序、效益"的冲突中迎合了"秩序、效益"。刑罚的法律效果与社会效果发生冲突时,选择法律效果是法治国家的必然要求。

The legal effect of penalty should include social effect,but in the contest of contemporary China the two effects are parallel.The legal effect of penalty is not equal to apply legal penalty mechanically,but to determine penalty on the basis of legal penalty considering principles of law,spirits of law,purpose of penalty and system of measurement of penalty.The legal effect in measurement of penalty pay more attention to the destination of rule of law,justice value,and lasting effect,whose essence is to measure penalty according to the severity of social harmfulness of the crime and the personal danger of the defendant on the premise of the principle of legality.The social effect bases on the tool thought of penalty,the order value,and the current effect,whose essence is to choose 'policy and politics' in the conflict of 'legal,policy and politics',to choose 'power and benefits' in the conflict of 'right,power and benefits',and to choose 'order and efficiency' in the conflict of 'justice,order and efficiency'.It’s the inevitable requirement of the country of rule of law to choose the legal effect when the legal effect conflicts with the social effect.