《毛诗序》作者及成书考辨

Textual Research on the Author and Creating of Preface to Mao Poetry

《毛诗序》之作者及成书,自古争论颇多,很多诗义解读于今看来颇为牵强,这种解读方式与先秦时期诗三百的结集方式及用途有关,诚如清魏源所云:"夫诗有作诗者之心,而又有采诗、编诗者之心焉。""毛诗序"概念虽晚出,但其基本内容及核心观念在先秦已形成,一定程度上体现了周代礼乐文化,《毛诗序》的形成非一时一人之力,乃是周太师及后世儒家学者基于儒家话语系统不断损益的结果。

There have been many argumentations about the author and creating of Preface to Mao Poetry since ancient times.The interpretations of the poetry are quite forced today,which is influenced by the assembly mode and function of The Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period.As is said by Wei Yuan：＂The poetry shows the author＇s intention to be a poet and the intention to collect and compile poetry.＂Although the concept of ＂Preface to Mao Poetry＂ is late,its basic contents and essential concepts have formed in the pre-Qin period and to some extent embodied the ritual culture of Zhou Dynasty.The formation of Preface to Mao Poetry is not the temporary and one person＇s efforts but the results of gains and losses from Confucius lines by Master Zhou and the confucians of a later period.