美洲矮秆蓖麻品种的引进鉴定

Evaluation of Dwarf Caster (Ricinus communis L.) Varieties Introduced from America

2011～2012年对从美洲引进的15个矮秆蓖麻品种进行物候期、农艺性状和主要经济性状的大田鉴定,选拔可直接应用于生产的优良品种或优异的育种材料。引进的15个品种株高在75.5～89.3 cm之间,其中有7个品种的株高在80 cm以下,为超矮秆蓖麻品种。浙引15号、浙引10号、浙引2号、浙引5号、浙引12号、浙引6号和浙引14号7个品种的蓖麻叶产量为38 773～42 647 kg/hm2,与国内矮秆蓖麻对照品种相仿,而蓖麻籽产量为4 038.0～4 657.5 kg/hm2,均显著或极显著高于对照品种。7个高产品种中,有3个品种的含油率和蓖麻油酸含量高于国内对照矮秆品种。经初步鉴定,上述高产矮秆蓖麻品种的主要农艺性状及适应性优良,是良好的叶、籽兼用型蓖麻品种,进一步多点鉴定后可望直接应用于生产或作为新品种选育材料。

A field evaluation was conducted to 15 dwarf castor varieties introduced from America on their phenological periods,agronomic traits and major economic characters so as to obtain excellent varieties for production or materials for breeding.The results indicated that,the height of 15 introduced varieties was between 76.1 cm and 89.3 cm,in which 7 varieties were super-dwarf types with plant height below 80 cm.Among them,Zhe-intro 15,Zhe-intro 10,Zhe-intro 2,Zhe-intro 5,Zhe-intro 12,Zhe-intro 6 and Zhe-intro 14 produced 38 773～42 647 kg/hm2 castor leaves,similar to those of domestic dwarf castor varieties as control.However,they produced 4 038.0～4 657.5 kg/hm2 castor beans,being significantly or extremely significantly higher than the control varieties.Among the 7 high yield varieties,3 varieties had higher oil and ricinoleic acid contents than the domestic control varieties.A preliminary evaluation revealed that the above high yield dwarf castor varieties have good agronomic traits and adaptability,being excellent leaf-and bean-yielding castor varieties.After multi-point evaluation,it is promising to use them for production directly or as materials for breeding new varieties.