《易》以明心显性——魏了翁易学义理观探析

The Changes is to Illuminate Heart/mind and Manifest Human Nature: On WEI Liaoweng's Outlook of Meanings and Principles in the Changes

以往研究魏了翁的易学,主要围绕"以象数求义理"、"性善之义具于《易》"及"图可为书、书可为图"等思想展开,本文则专门探究魏了翁易学中的义理思想,力求推明其"《易》以明心显性"之论和"自明本心"的易学根本宗旨。魏氏易学以义理为本,融通易学与理学之心性论,强调"《易》以明心显性"。一方面,魏了翁立足于性善论,将"性"视为《易》之大本要道,以《易》发明性道之理,不仅主张"性善之义具于《易》",而且以先天易为性之体而后天易为性之用;另一方面,他在心本论的基础上主张"以心明《易》"和"以《易》观心"的观点,视发明本心为研《易》之宗旨,将《易》归宗融贯于本心之中。

In the past when studying WEI Liaowengfs Yi leanings scholars mainly revolve around his ideas that ＂seeking meanings and principles from images and numbers＂, ＂the meaning of innate goodness of human nature is implicated in the Changes＂ , and ＂the River Map and Luo Writing are interchangeable＂, and so on. This paper particularly focuses on his thought of meanings and principles and strives to exploit its fundamental purpose in assering that ＂the Changes is to illuminate Heart/mind and manifest human nature＂ and ＂self-knowledge of one＇s original heart/mind＂. WEI＇s Yi learning is based on meanings and principles by fusing the theories of heml/mind and human nature both in the Changes and in neo-Confucianism and emphasizes the proposition that ＂the Changes is to illuminate heart/mind and manifest human nature＂. On one hand, WEI based himself on the innate-goodness of human nature and regrdas ＂human nature＂ as the foundation and essential way of the Changes. He attempts to explicate the Dao （ Way） of human nature, not only contending that ＂the meaning of innate-gsodness of human nature dwells in the Changes＂ but also viewing the before-heaven Changes as the substance of human nature and the after-heaven Changes as functions of human nature. On the other hand, on the ba- sis of heart/mind-oriented theory, he set forth ideas that ＂illuminating the Changes by heart/mind＂ and ＂observing heart/mind by the Changes＂ and considers fully developing one＇s original heart/mind as the purpose of studying the Changes, and thus the Changes was synthesized into the original hear/mind.