中国葡萄灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗药性检测

Evaluation on Resistance of Grape Gray Mold Pathogen Botrytis cinerea to Pyrimethanil in China

【目的】检测中国葡萄灰霉病菌对苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺的抗药性,明确中国不同葡萄产区灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗药性及抗性频率,为葡萄灰霉病的药剂防治提供理论基础。【方法】从中国葡萄主产区采集、分离纯化104个葡萄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)的单孢菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对嘧霉胺的抗药性。【结果】中国葡萄灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗性频率为22.22%—62.5%,且以高抗和中抗菌株为主,其中高抗菌株频率达44.23%;葡萄不同气候栽培区的灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺抗药性不同。【结论】中国葡萄灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗药性较为普遍,且存在交互抗性,据此,在葡萄灰霉病的防治中应限制嘧霉胺的使用次数,可与二甲酰亚胺类、氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂交替使用;引进防治葡萄灰霉病的新型杀菌剂或生物农药。

【Objective】The resistance to pyrimethanil of Botrytis cinerea isolated from diseased grape berries in China was studied.【Method】A total of 104 single conidial isolates of B.cinerea were isolated from diseased grape berries which were collected from vineyards located in 14 different cities or suburban counties in China.The method of mycelial growth inhibition was used to determine the resistance of B.cinerea to anilinopyrimidine fungicides pyrimethanil.【Result】The findings in the current work demonstrated that the resistance frequency of B.cinerea to pyrimethanil was 22.22% to 62.5%.Most of the resistant isolates showed middle resistant or high resistant phenotype,and the resistant frequency of high resistant isolates reached up to 44.23%.Resistance to pyrimethanil of B.cinerea differs in different viticulture climate zones.【Conclusion】Resistance to pyrimethanil of B.cinerea isolated from grape diseased samples in China is commonly present,and the resistant isolates showed cross resistance.Accordingly,the frequency of use of pyrimethanil should be limited in the prevention of grape gray mold,and fungicides such as dicarboximide and carbamates can be used alternatively.It was suggested that novel fungicides or biofungicides should be introduced for the control of grape gray mold.