黑龙江省气温日较差的变化趋势及其与作物产量的关系

Variation of Diurnal Temperature Range and its Relationship with Crop Yield in Heilongjiang Province

利用1971-2010年黑龙江省14个农业气象站地面气象观测资料,对黑龙江省粮食主产区气温日较差的时间变化特征和空间分布进行分析,并应用相关统计法分析其与主要粮食作物玉米和水稻产量的关系。结果表明,1971-2010年,研究区气温日较差(DTR)整体呈下降趋势,下降幅度春季>农事活动期>夏季>秋季。全省范围内,DTR多年平均值的空间分布不存在明显的纬向或经向变化规律,总体上山区DTR值高于平原;整个分析期内,各地DTR下降趋势不一致,其减小幅度呈西高东低的态势,松嫩平原及牡丹江半山区的下降趋势强于三江平原,各季节DTR空间变化也存在局地差异。研究区内64%站点不同时间尺度的DTR与玉米、水稻的产量存在显著的相关关系,农事活动期、春季和夏季DTR的减小对作物增产有利,而秋季DTR一定程度的增大对作物增产呈有利趋势。

Based on the meteorological observation data from 14 agro-meteorological stations from 1971 to 2010, the temporal and spatial distribution of diurnal temperature range （DTR） in main grain production areas of Heilongjiang province, and the relationship between DTR and maize, rice yield were analyzed. The results showed that DTR decreased from 1971 to 2010, and the max decrease found in spring, followed by farming period and summer, the rain decrease found in autumn. The spatial variation of DTR no obvious along the latitude or longitude in whole province, but DTR in mountain areas was higher than that in plain areas. The DTR dropped quickly in west and slowly in east, so it decreased quickly in Songnen plain and Mudanjiang region, but slowly in Sanjiang plain. Besides, the variation of DTR had local differences in farming seasons. Correlation between DTR and maize or rice yield was significant in different time scale from 64% stations, the DTR reducing was favorable to crop yield in the farming period, spring and summer, while the DTR increasing in autumn had a oositive effect on croo yield.