“两税合一”前后外资工业企业转移定价动因探析

Research on the Motive of Transfer Pricing by Chinese Foreign-invested Industrial Enterprises before and after "the Merging of the Two Tax Systems"

根据对华投资来源地的不同将我国外资工业企业分为三大类,同时按照各地享有税收优惠程度的不同将外资工业企业所在地分为三类,结合2008年我国企业所得税改革和关税税率的变化情况,通过实证研究发现:投资来源于发达国家和新兴工业国家与地区的大部分外企以"低价进口"方式逃避我国关税的动机明显;投资来源于新加坡和港澳地区的外企存在以"低价出口"逃避我国企业所得税的动机,通过避税港实施国际转让定价进行"三角避税"的证据不明显;投资来源于避税港的外企通过"高进低出"直接避税的动机明显。除税务动机外,我国的外资工业企业还存在以国际转让定价侵吞中方税后利润、规避汇率风险和社会政策风险的非税动机。

The paper classifies Chinese foreign-invested industrial enterprises into three types according to their investors’ national origins,and also divides Chinese mainland into three types of region according to their tax preference policy.Combined with the change of Chinese corporate income tax and tariff,the empirical study shows that most enterprises invested from developed countries and newly industrialized countries（regions） have apparent tariff-evasion motives through lower-price imports.The enterprises invested from Singapore,Hong Kong and Macao have an apparent Chinese corporate income tax-evasion motive through lower-price exports.There are no clear evidences to prove that enterprises invested from developed countries and newly industrialized countries（regions） engage in triangle-tax-evasion through tax havens.But the enterprises invested from tax havens have apparent tax-evasion motives through higher-price imports and lower-price exports.Except for tax-evasion motives,the enterprises also have non-tax-evasion motives,such as invading Chinese partners’ profit in joint ventures or cooperative enterprises,avoiding exchange rate risks and avoiding domestic social policy risks.