既有南极治理机制分析

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ANTARCTIC GOVERNING REGIME

以《南极条约》为基础而逐步形成的南极条约体系,是南极治理的基本法律机制和制度基础,在既有南极治理机制的规制下,各种行为体之间相互制衡,使南极权力格局达到了基本的平衡,实现了各国南极权利形式上的平等,维持了南极长达半个世纪的和平和科学研究自由的状态。但是随着南极海域非法渔业捕捞活动的猖獗、南极资源开发趋势的明显和南极沿海国大陆架划界案的增多,既有的南极治理机制面临着严峻的挑战。

The Antarctic Treaty System （ATS） was formed on the basis of the Antarctic Treaty. The ATS is the legal re- gime and institutional basis of Antarctic governance. Under the regulation of the existing Antarctic governing re- gimes, the Antarctic power structure is kept in balance. Treaty parties place restrictions on each other, and Antarc- tic states have equal rights in Antarctic affairs. The governing regimes have preserved peace and free scientific re- search of Antarctica over the last half century. However, with the development of illegal, unreported and unregulat- ed fishing in the Southern Ocean, the exploitation of Antarctic resources and the delimitation of the continental shelf by coastal countries, the existing Antarctic governing regimes are facing serious challenges.