植食性哺乳动物觅食的功能反应及其模型

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES AND MODELS ON THE FORAGING PROCESS OF HERBIVOROUS MAMMALS

文章主要介绍植食性哺乳动物觅食功能反应与模型的研究进展。植食性哺乳动物觅食的摄入率与其食物可利用性的功能反应是动物觅食生态学过程的基础。可利用植物的生物量密度、植物密度、植物大小、以及动物觅食的口量是影响动物觅食功能反应的潜在变量集。这些变量的差异导致动物功能反应格局的复杂化。生物量密度和植物密度对动物摄入率无明显影响 ,而植物大小对动物摄入率则有显著影响。在食物密集的斑块条件下 ,以植物大小代替动物觅食的口量可有效地预测其摄入率 ,动物摄入率是口量的渐进线性函数 ,属II型功能反应。在自然条件下 ,以实验的方法从植物可利用性变量集中分离影响动物摄入率的重要变量及因子是当前此类研究的重点。

Advances on the functional response of Herbivorous mammals foraging and the set of plant availability variables were review. The biomass density, plant density, and plant size of availability plant and bite size were a potential set of variables influencing the functional response of herbivores foraging, and the differences of the variables lead to complicate pattern of functional response. Biomass density and plant density had an insignificant influence on herbivores intake rate. While plant size had a significant effect on intake rate. By means of the bite size of herbivore replacing plant size in food concentrated patches, the intake rate of herbivores could be validly predicted in food concentrated patches, and the intake rate are an asymptotic function of bite size, which belongs to type Ⅱ functional response. Under natural conditions, recent studies had focused on separating the main factors which could effect on intake rates from the set of plant availability variables by experiments.