四川省凉山州北部栽培苦荞麦的遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Fagoyrum tataricum Cultivated in North Liangshan Prefecture of Yi Nationality, Sichuan, China

用等位酶电泳技术测定了四川省凉山彝族自治州北部越西和甘洛2县的苦荞麦［Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.］17个栽培居群的遗传多样性和分化，结合农业生物学性状进行了分析。对7个酶系统的15个位点的检测表明，苦荞麦居群内的遗传多样性水平高于该州南部的苦荞麦和其他地区甜荞麦，每个位点的等位基因平均数为1.9，多态位点比率为52.1%，平均实际杂合度和预期杂合度分别为0.190和0.262， FST值为0.199，居群间存在着较明显的遗传分化，接近野生植物的平均水平。对苦荞麦种质资源保护提出了以下策略：“有翅荞”2个居群的多态位点比率P为60.0%，它们的实际杂合度均高于预期杂合度，分别为Ho＝0.260和Ho＝0.301，是遗传多样性最丰富的居群，应重点保护。此外，遗传多样性较高的2个“小米荞”居群和遗传位置独特的“秋苦荞”、“额曲苦荞”和“革洛苦荞”的3个居群也应加强保护。

In the present paper is stated the accomplishment of the studies of 17 populations of cultivated Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. from the counties of Yuexiand Ganluo in North Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture of Yi Nationality, Sichuan Province, China by means of strarch gel electrophoresis and cluster analysis of agrobiology features. Seven enzymes, and 15 loci were assessed. The result shows that the genetic diversity of F. tataricum within population is higher than in the South Prefecture and in species F. esculentum from other areas. The A, P, Ho and He are 1.9, 52.1%, 0.190 and 0.262 respectively. The FST is 0.199 which is close to the average level of wild plants. A conservation strategy of the genetic resource of F. tataricum is suggested. Two populations of local variety “Youchiqiao” have the richest genetic diversity, P＝60.0%, Ho＝0.260 and 0.301 and they should be protected particularly. Two populations of local variety“Xiaomiqiao” with higher genetic diversity,as well as three populations of local varieties of “Qiukuqiao”, “Equkuqiao” and “Geluokuqiao” with special genetic position should be protected too.