4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究

Nutrient Release Characteristics of Four Slow and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in Different Environmental Conditions

为探明4种缓控释肥料(IBDU,UF,SCU和ESN)在静水中、不同栽培介质(普通土壤、栽培基质)中、不同栽培植物(草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)和甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.))中的养分释放特性,采用水浸法、土壤(基质)培养法、盆栽试验测定了4种肥料的氮素溶出曲线。结果表明:4种肥料在25℃静水下28d时的氮素累积溶出率均不超过75%,84d时的氮素累积溶出率为ESN>SCU>IBDU>UF;SCU和ESN在静水的氮素溶出曲线与土壤(基质)培养下的基本吻合,UF和IBDU则差异较大;4种肥料在基质中的氮素溶出曲线整体上小于土壤培养;草地早熟禾盆栽培养下4种肥料的氮素溶出曲线整体上大于甜瓜盆栽培养。

Water immersion,soil（substrate） cultivation and pot culture were used to study the N accumulative dissolution curves of four slow and controlled release fertilizers in different environmental conditions.The objectives were to explore the nutrient release characteristics of four fertilizer（IBDU,UF,SCU and ESN） in water,in different culture media（soil,substrate）,and in selected plants（Kentucky bluegrass,melon）.Results showed that the nitrogen accumulative dissolution rate of all tested fertilizers in static water at 25℃were less than 75% after 28th day.The accumulative dissolution rate on 84th day were ordered as ESNSCUIBDUUF.Nitrogen dissolution curves of SCU and ESN in static water showed a similar tendency to those grown in soil（substrate）,whereas the nitrogen dissolution curves of UF and IBDU had significant difference between the two conditions.The nitrogen cumulative dissolution rates of all tested fertilizers in substrates were less than in soil,and in pot culture of lawn grass showed higher tendency than in that of melon.