转移支付、财政分权对公共服务供给的影响——基于公共服务分布和区域差异的视角

Impact on Public Services Supply of Intergovernmental Transfer and Fiscal Decentralization ——based on the Perspective of Public Services Distribution and Regional Differences

本文分析了1978-2009年我国公共服务的均等化程度,从地方公共服务供给结果和成本两个角度考察了东、中、西部地区中央转移支付和财政分权对不同类别公共服务供给水平的影响差异。分析结果表明,目前我国地区间公共服务的供给水平差异相对较小,但供给的整体水平还相对较低。转移支付显著促进了中部地区低水平公共交通基础设施发展,抑制了中、东部地区公共医疗卫生服务发展,而对西部地区公共医疗卫生服务则有显著促进作用;同时,转移支付促进了西部地区公共基础教育发展,对中、东部地区则具有抑制作用。财政分权对公共交通基础设施有显著促进作用,特别是发展水平较高的东部地区,但是抑制了东部和西部地区公共医疗卫生服务的发展,而且西部地区公共基础教育也受到抑制,同时财政分权程度的提高降低了西部地区科教文卫支出的水平。

This paper analyzes the degree of equalization of public services from 1978 to 2009, and investigates how central transfer payment and fiscal decentralization in eastern, central and western regions affect the supply level of different kinds of public service from the perspectives of local public service results and cost. The analysis results show that, the differences of the public services supply level between different regions are not relatively significant, but the overall level of supply is still relatively low. Intergovernmental transfer has significantly promoted the development of low-level public in central region, and restrained public health services development in central and eastern regions, while has promoted public medical health services in western region;intergovernmental transfer has also promoted public basic education in western region, but has inhibited that in central and eastern regions. Fiscal decentralization has promoted the public transport infrastructure significantly, especially that of eastern region, but has inhibited the public health service in eastern and western regions, and restrained public basic education in western region; fiscal decentralization has reduced the expenditure level of science, health and education in western region.