“汉学主义”:一种跨文化研究的新选择

Sinologism: A New Alternative for Cross-Cultural Studies

从19世纪后叶至21世纪,中西方文化人的观点不断在两个极端之间徘徊,要么将中国文化捧到天上,要么将其踩在脚下。对于历史悠久的中国学术及其在西方的对应学科——汉学,亦怀有同样矛盾的情感。一方盲目崇信汉学的效力和价值,热情效法;另一方则应用萨义德的"东方主义"和"后殖民主义"理论,慷慨激昂地批评"汉学"是殖民主义的话语。中西双向的误读并非仅仅源于信息不灵、偏见歧视和政治干预等显而易见的原因,更是源于一种有认识论和方法论基础的深层逻辑,而这种逻辑业已演化成了一种文化无意识。这种文化无意识已构成了一种涵盖广泛的知识体系的内在逻辑——"汉学主义"。研究"汉学主义"是知识生产的研究而非知识的研究,首要关注的是中西研究中出现的问题,其次关注非西方世界包括中国自身在生产中国知识中存在的问题,以便在"东方主义"和"后殖民主义"之外提供一种理论选择,为跨文化研究开辟新的领域。

From the latter half of the 19th century to the 21st century, Chinese and Western intellectuals＇ views of China always tend to oscillate from one extreme to another. They would laud China to the sky or trample it to the ground. There exists a similarly conflicting attitude towards the time-honored Chinese scholarship and its Western counterpart, Sinology. Scholars would hold blind faith in the value and validity of Sinology and enthusiastically imitate and emulate it, or apply Said＇s Orientalism and post-colonialist theory and vehemently denounce it as a colonial discourse. The two- way misperceptions and misrepresentations do not simply come from misinformation, biases, prejudices, or political interference, but originate from a deep logic based on epistemology and methodology, which has evolved into a cultural unconscious. This unconsciousness has constituted the inner logic of a comprehensive knowledge system, ＂Sinologism. ＂ Sinologism is not a study of knowledge, but a study of knowledge production. It concerns itself primarily with the problems in China-West studies and secondarily with the problems in China knowledge produced by non-Western world including China itself. It aims to offer an alternative theory to Orientalism and post-colonialism and open up new areas of research for cross-cultural studies.