高精度太阳能双轴跟踪器的设计研究

Design of High Precision Solar Dual-axis Tracker and Its Research

随着太阳能的广泛利用,如何提高对太阳能的利用率,成为太阳能利用的焦点之一。介绍了基于二维的太阳跟踪装置的控制系统。该控制系统采用的是光电跟踪和视日跟踪的方法相结合的控制方法,运用双轴运动达到对其高度角和方位角的控制,以实现其二自由度运动。再通过建模达到一个直观的感受,为开发太阳能跟踪控制器的控制系统提供一个实验的平台,来验证控制系统的真实可靠性和现实可行性。其控制系统的工作原理是利用单片机的实时控制和五个光敏电阻来决定控制器的控制方式。当没有光照时,采用视日运动轨迹的方法计算太阳的高度角和方位角,通过单片机控制步进电动机转动;当有光照时,采用光电控制,根据东西南北四个光敏电阻的信号差值来决定步进电动机的转动,进而实现全方位、高精度的太阳能跟踪器的设计。

With the development of use of solar energy, how to improve its utilization rate is brouht into focus. This paper introduces the control system based on two-dimensional sun tracking device.The photoelectric tracking and visual tracking methods are used in the mechanical system. The biaxial movement is applied to its height angle and azimuth angle control, in order to achieve the free- dom of motion. Through its modeling the intuitive feel is achieved and the experimental platform is provided for the development of solar tracking controller, to confirm the control system reliability and feasibility. Its working principle is to use the five photosensitive resistances to decide controller control mode. When there is no light, the daily motion trajectory method is used for the calculation of the sun＇s altitude and azimuth and through the single-chip stepper motor rotation is controlled. When there is light, the stepper motor is drived by the use of the photoelectric control and according to the signal difference of the photosensitive resistance at the four cor- ners of the east,south,west and north, so as to realize the comprehensive, high precision solar tracker＇ s design.