刻板印象威胁研究述评

A Study Review of Stereotype Threat

刻板印象不只是影响个体对他人的认识,反过来也对个体自身有影响。刻板印象威胁是近年来在刻板印象研究领域的重要发现,是刻板印象重要的作用之一,它是一种社会心理威胁,刻板印象威胁可能会产生严重的社会不公。改变对任务的描述、建立认同安全环境,可以解除个体验证消极刻板印象的风险,恢复在威胁情境下的表现;强调智力是可增长的,即强调努力和动机的重要性,能够消除刻板印象对个体的威胁。此外,对困难进行外因归纳、鼓励个体自我肯定、提供角色榜样等都能够消除刻板印象威胁的消极影响。

Stereotyping do not only affect the cognition of an individual to others but also has an impact on the individual.A s one of the key functions of stereotyping, stereotype threat is an important discovery of researches on stereotyping in recent years. It is a social psycho- logical threat, which might bring about severe social unfairness. Changing the describing ways of tasks to build an identified safe environ- ment will defuse the stereotyping risk of the individual and help resume performance in a threatening environment. To enhance the idea of a growing intelligence, namely stressing on the significance of effort and motivation, will eliminate the stereotype threat to the individual. Besides, concluding the external cause of difficulties, encouraging self-affirmation, and providing role models will all wipe off the passive influence of stereotype threat.